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Increment/decrement operators

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C++
 
C + +言語
一般的なトピック
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機能します
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Functions
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関数の宣言
ラムダ関数の宣言
関数テンプレート
の歴史。インライン指定
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タイプ
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CV指定
貯蔵期間指定
constexprの指定子 (C++11)
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alignas指定子 (C++11)
初期化
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リテラル
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式
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ユーティリティ
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タイプ
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型の別名宣言 (C++11)
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キャストします
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暗黙の型変換
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クラス固有の機能特性
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明示 (C++11)
静的
特殊なメンバ関数
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テンプレート
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クラステンプレート
関数テンプレート
テンプレートの特殊化
パラメーターパック (C++11)
その他
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Miscellaneous
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インラインアセンブリ
 
インクリメント/デクリメント演算子インクリメントまたはデクリメントしたオブジェクトの値.
Original:
Increment/decrement operators increments or decrements the value of the object.
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Operator name Syntax Over​load​able Prototype examples (for class T)
Inside class definition Outside class definition
pre-increment ++a Yes T& T::operator++(); T& operator++(T& a);
pre-decrement --a Yes T& T::operator--(); T& operator--(T& a);
post-increment a++ Yes T T::operator++(int); T operator++(T& a, int);
post-decrement a-- Yes T T::operator--(int); T operator--(T& a, int);
'注意'
Original:
Notes
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  • の接頭フォーム組み込み演算子の戻り値の参照とpostfixのフォームの戻り値は、典型的なユーザ定義のオーバーロードは、ユーザー定義演算子は組み込みと同じように使用できるように、パターンに従います。ただし、ユーザー定義演算子のオーバーロードでは、任意の型、戻り値の型（voidを含む）として使用することができます.
    Original:
    Prefix forms of the built-in operators return references and postfix forms return values, and typical user-defined overloads follow the pattern so that the user-defined operators can be used in the same manner as the built-ins. However, in a user-defined operator overload, any type can be used as return type (including void).
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  • intパラメータは、事前·事後の演算子のバージョンを区別するために使用されるダミーのパラメータです。それは、例えば、関数呼び出しの表記法を使用して演算子を呼び出すことによって変更される可能性がありますが、ユーザー定義の後置演算子が呼び出されると、そのパラメータに渡された値は、常にゼロですa.operator++(2).
    Original:
    The int parameter is a dummy parameter used to differentiate between pre- and post- in versions of the operators. When the user-defined postfix operator is called, the value passed in that parameter is always zero, although it may be changed by calling the operator using function call notation, e.g. a.operator++(2).
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目次

[編集] 説明

プリインクリメントと'プリデクリメント演算子インクリメントまたはデクリメントしたオブジェクトの値と結果への参照を返します.
Original:
pre-increment and pre-decrement operators increments or decrements the value of the object and returns a reference to the result.
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ポストインクリメントとポストデクリメント、オブジェクト、インクリメントまたはデクリメントしたオブジェクトの値のコピーが作成され、インクリメントまたはデクリメント前からコピーを返し.
Original:
post-increment and post-decrement creates a copy of the object, increments or decrements the value of the object and returns the copy from before the increment or decrement.
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[編集] 内蔵前置演算子

Aよりbool他、オプションでのcv-修飾されたオブジェクト·タイプには、次の関数のシグネチャは、オーバーロードの解決に参加する毎に任意にvolatile修飾ポインタPごとに任意にvolatile修飾算術型の場合：
Original:
For every optionally volatile-qualified arithmetic type A other than bool, and for every optionally volatile-qualified pointer P to optionally cv-qualified object type, the following function signatures participate in overload resolution:
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A& operator++(A&)
bool& operator++(bool&)
 (廃止予定)
P& operator++(P&)
A& operator--(A&)
P& operator--(P&)
組み込みの前置インクリメントまたはデクリメント演算子のオペランドは非ブール演算型またはオブジェクト型を完了するには、ポインタの変更可能な左辺値（非const参照）でなければなりません。これらのオペランドについては、表現++xはx+=1とまったく同じですし、発現--xはx-=1とまったく同じです、つまり、結果は左辺値として返され、更新オペランドであり、算術演算子用に定義されたすべての算術変換規則とポインタ演算の規則が適用されます。.
Original:
The operand of a built-in prefix increment or decrement operator must be a modifiable lvalue (non-const reference) of non-boolean arithmetic type or pointer to complete object type. For these operands, the expression ++x is exactly equivalent to x+=1, and the expression --x is exactly equivalent to x-=1, that is, the result is the updated operand, returned as lvalue, and all arithmetic conversion rules and pointer arithmetic rules defined for 算術演算子 apply.
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前置インクリメント演算子のオペランドが型boolである場合は、そこに設定されているにtrue(廃止予定).
Original:
If the operand of the preincrement operator is of type bool, it is set to true (廃止予定).
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[編集] 作り付けの後置演算子

Aよりbool他、オプションでのcv-修飾されたオブジェクト·タイプには、次の関数のシグネチャは、オーバーロードの解決に参加する毎に任意にvolatile修飾ポインタPごとに任意にvolatile修飾算術型の場合：
Original:
For every optionally volatile-qualified arithmetic type A other than bool, and for every optionally volatile-qualified pointer P to optionally cv-qualified object type, the following function signatures participate in overload resolution:
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A operator++(A&, int)
bool operator++(bool&, int)
 (廃止予定)
P operator++(P&, int)
A operator--(A&, int)
P operator--(P&, int)
ビルトイン後置インクリメントまたはデクリメント演算子のオペランドは非ブール演算型またはオブジェクト型を完了するためにポインタの変更可能な左辺値（非const参照）でなければなりません。結果は、オペランドの元の値をコピーですprvalueです。副作用としては、この演算子はargまたはarg += 1、それぞれインクリメントおよびデクリメントするため評価することによってであるかのように、引数arg -= 1の値が変更されます。すべての算術変換規則と算術演算子適用するために定義され、ポインタ演算のルール.
Original:
The operand of a built-in postfix increment or decrement operator must be a modifiable lvalue (non-const reference) of non-boolean arithmetic type or pointer to complete object type. The result is a prvalue, which is a copy the original value of the operand. As a side-effect, this operator modifies the value of its argument arg as if by evaluating arg += 1 or arg -= 1, for increment and decrement respectively. All arithmetic conversion rules and pointer arithmetic rules defined for 算術演算子 apply.
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後置インクリメント演算子のオペランドが型boolである場合は、そこに設定されているにtrue(廃止予定).
Original:
If the operand of the postincrement operator is of type bool, it is set to true (廃止予定).
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[編集] 例

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    int n = 1;
    int n2 = ++n;
    int n3 = ++ ++n;
    int n4 = n++;
//    int n5 = n++ ++; // compile error
//    int n5 = n + ++n; // undefined behavior
    std::cout << "n = " << n << '\n'
              << "n2 = " << n2 << '\n'
              << "n3 = " << n3 << '\n'
              << "n4 = " << n4 << '\n';
}

Output: 

n = 5
n2 = 2
n3 = 4
n4 = 4

[編集] ノート

伴うため、副作用の、ビルトインインクリメント演算子とデクリメント演算子はルールのシーケンスに違反しているため、未定義の動作を避けるために注意して使用しなければなりません.
Original:
Because of the side-effects involved, built-in increment and decrement operators must be used with care to avoid undefined behavior due to violations of ルールのシーケンス.
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オブジェクトの一時コピーが動作中に構築されるため、プリインクリメントや'プリデクリメント演算子は、通常、返された値が使用されていない文脈でより効率的..
Original:
Because a temporary copy of the object is constructed during the operation, pre-increment or pre-decrement operators are usually more efficient in contexts where the returned value is not used.
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[編集] 標準ライブラリ

インクリメント演算子とデクリメント演算子は、多くの標準的なライブラリー·タイプのオーバーロードされています。特に、すべてのIteratorオーバーロード演算子+ +と毎BidirectionalIteratorオーバーロード演算子 - 、これらの演算子は特定のイテレータのno-opsのない場合でも、.
Original:
Increment and decrement operators are overloaded for many standard library types. In particular, every Iterator overloads operator++ and every BidirectionalIterator overloads operator--, even if those operators are no-ops for the particular iterator.
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算術型のオーバーロード
Original:
overloads for arithmetic types
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増分または減分ずつの原子値
Original:
increments or decrements the atomic value by one
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(パブリックメンバ関数of std::atomic) [edit]
インクリメントまたはデクリメントするティック数
Original:
increments or decrements the tick count
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(パブリックメンバ関数of std::chrono::duration)
イテレータ型のオーバーロード
Original:
overloads for iterator types
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進歩イテレータ
Original:
advances the iterator
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(パブリックメンバ関数of std::raw_storage_iterator)
進歩イテレータ
Original:
advances the iterator
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(パブリックメンバ関数of std::reverse_iterator)
デクリメントイテレータ
Original:
decrements the iterator
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(パブリックメンバ関数of std::reverse_iterator)
no-op
(パブリックメンバ関数of std::back_insert_iterator)
no-op
(パブリックメンバ関数of std::front_insert_iterator)
no-op
(パブリックメンバ関数of std::insert_iterator)
進歩イテレータ
Original:
advances the iterator
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(パブリックメンバ関数of std::move_iterator)
デクリメントイテレータ
Original:
decrements the iterator
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(パブリックメンバ関数of std::move_iterator)
進歩istream_iterator
Original:
advances the istream_iterator
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(パブリックメンバ関数of std::istream_iterator)
no-op
(パブリックメンバ関数of std::ostream_iterator)
進歩istreambuf_iterator
Original:
advances the istreambuf_iterator
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(パブリックメンバ関数of std::istreambuf_iterator)
no-op
(パブリックメンバ関数of std::ostreambuf_iterator)
進歩regex_iterator
Original:
advances the regex_iterator
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(パブリックメンバ関数of std::regex_iterator)
進歩regex_token_iterator
Original:
advances the regex_token_iterator
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(パブリックメンバ関数of std::regex_token_iterator)

[編集] も参照してください

演算子の優先順位

Common operators
代入 incrementNJdecrement 算術 論理 比較 memberNJaccess 他の

a = b
a = rvalue
a += b
a -= b
a *= b
a /= b
a %= b
a &= b
a |= b
a ^= b
a <<= b
a >>= b

++a
--a
a++
a--

+a
-a
a + b
a - b
a * b
a / b
a % b
~a
a & b
a | b
a ^ b
a << b
a >> b

!a
a && b
a || b

a == b
a != b
a < b
a > b
a <= b
a >= b

a[b]
*a
&a
a->b
a.b
a->*b
a.*b

a(...)
a, b
(type) a
? :

Special operators
static_cast別の互換性のあるタイプ
に1型に変換します
Original:
static_cast converts one type to another compatible type
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dynamic_cast派生class
に仮想基底クラスに変換します
Original:
dynamic_cast converts virtual base class to derived class
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const_cast異なるcvqualifiers
と互換性のある型に型変換されます
Original:
const_cast converts type to compatible type with different cv qualifiers
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reinterpret_cast互換性type
に型を変換します
Original:
reinterpret_cast converts type to incompatible type
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new割り当てmemory
Original:
new allocates memory
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delete割り当て解除memory
Original:
delete deallocates memory
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sizeoftype
のサイズを照会します
Original:
sizeof queries the size of a type
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sizeof...パラメーターパック(C + + 11以来)
のサイズを照会します
Original:
sizeof... queries the size of a パラメーターパック (C + + 11以来)
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typeidtype
の型情報を照会します
Original:
typeid queries the type information of a type
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noexcept式が例外(C + + 11以来)
を投げることができるかどうかをチェックします
Original:
noexcept checks if an expression can throw an exception (C + + 11以来)
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alignofタイプ(C + + 11以来)のクエリアラインメント要件を
Original:
alignof queries alignment requirements of a type (C + + 11以来)
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